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Question: What are the differences between std::map and std::unordered_map in C++?
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Answer: The std::map is an ordered associative container that stores key-value pairs sorted by key,
while std::unordered_map is an unordered associative container that stores key-value pairs hashed by key,
providing faster lookup at the expense of iteration order.
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Question: What is a template specialization in C++?
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Answer: Template specialization is a technique in C++ where a specific implementation is provided
for a template when certain template arguments meet particular criteria.
It allows customizing behavior for specific types or values.
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Question: What is the difference between 'std::thread' and 'std::async' in C++ concurrency?
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Answer: The std::thread is a low-level threading primitive that represents a thread of execution,
allowing for manual management of threads.
The std::async, on the other hand, is a higher-level facility for asynchronous execution that provides a
future or a promise to retrieve the result of a computation.
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Question: What is the role of the 'constexpr' keyword in C++?
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Answer: The 'constexpr' keyword is used to indicate that a variable, function, or constructor
is evaluated at compile time and can be used in contexts that require constant expressions.
It allows for performance optimization and enables computations to be performed at compile time.
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Question: What is the 'rule of three' in C++?
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Answer: The 'rule of three' states that if a class defines any of these special member functions
('destructor', 'copy constructor', 'copy assignment operator'), it should explicitly declare all three to
ensure proper resource management and avoid issues with resource leaks or dangling pointers.
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Question: Can you explain the use of 'std::bind' in C++ and its alternatives?
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Answer: The std::bind is a function in the C++ Standard Library that generates a function object by
binding arguments to a callable object. It allows creating function objects with a fixed set of arguments.
Alternatives include lambda expressions and std::function.
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Question: What is a move constructor and a move assignment operator in C++?
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Answer: A move constructor and a move assignment operator enable move semantics in C++,
which allows efficient transfer of resources (such as dynamically allocated memory)
from one object to another without unnecessary copying.
They are typically used in conjunction with std::move.
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Question: What are the differences between 'std::unique_ptr', 'std::shared_ptr', and 'std::weak_ptr'??
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Answer: Below please find the comparison and the differences:
• std::unique_ptr is a smart pointer that manages a single dynamically allocated object and is responsible for its deallocation.
• std::shared_ptr is a smart pointer that allows multiple pointers to share ownership of the same dynamically allocated object, performing automatic memory management through reference counting.
• std::weak_ptr is a smart pointer that provides a non-owning reference to an object managed by std::shared_ptr, allowing access to the object without affecting its reference count.
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